Mineral import demand and clean energy transitions in the top mineral-importing countries

The clean energy transitions require a large volume of minerals to handle its diverse technologies, such as solar photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines etc. Therefore, mineral importing countries concentrated on cleaner production confront an uprising trend in critical prices due thriving demands. We quest for the response top countries' import demand from 1996 2019 within import-demand function analysis. Using cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) method, our findings divulge significantly positive and productions long run. also find that price elasticity holds Marshallian hypothesis mineral-laden generation while contradicting it production. In addition, oil substitution effect does not sustain, whereas exchange rate depreciates demands policy implications encompass optimizing resources materialize 21st century's global agenda decarbonized or net-zero emissions trajectory. • check transitions. use mineral-importing nations. tangible reply imports installed capacities. Solar coincides, controverts theorem. Oil hold, reduces imports.